Virginia Cosmetology Practice Exam

The primary cause of hyperpigmentation is excess melanin production in the skin. Melanin is the pigment responsible for the color of our skin, hair, and eyes. When the skin is subjected to factors such as ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun, hormonal changes, or certain medications, the melanocytes (the cells that produce melanin) can become overactive, leading to an increased production of melanin. This excess melanin accumulates in specific areas of the skin, resulting in dark spots or patches known as hyperpigmentation.

Understanding this mechanism is critical for cosmetologists, as it informs protective and treatment strategies for clients. While sun exposure and aging are related factors that can trigger melanin production, they induce it rather than directly causing hyperpigmentation itself. Other factors listed, such as allergic reactions and lack of moisture, may contribute to skin health or irritation but do not primarily lead to hyperpigmentation. Thus, focusing on the relationship between melanin production and hyperpigmentation is essential for effective skin care and treatment.